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Updated on September 12, 2025
Circadian rhythm is the body’s internal clock, which follows a roughly 24-hour pattern that regulates wakefulness and sleep.
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that disrupts this internal clock, resulting in symptoms such as fragmented sleep at night, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks (sudden episodes where a person cannot stay awake), and in some cases, cataplexy (sudden episodes of muscle weakness/paralysis).
These symptoms lead to a variety of problems and challenges, including safety concerns, limitations on normal activities like driving, and difficulties with daily functioning, school, work, and socializing.
There is no cure for narcolepsy, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Treatment for narcolepsy typically involves medications, often a combination of medications. This includes medications that help a person remain alert and awake during the day, and medications that help improve the quality of sleep a person gets at night. The type of medication or combination of medications will vary from person to person.
In addition to medications, lifestyle modifications can play an important role in managing narcolepsy.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage narcolepsy?
While circadian rhythms are an automatic process controlled by the brain, they are also influenced by external factors, including exposure to light, physical activity, food and beverage intake, temperature, stress, and routines. For a person living with narcolepsy, controlling these factors can help manage symptoms.
Here are some strategies to consider:
Sleep schedule and bedtime routine
Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, including weekends. Also follow a consistent bedtime routine, making time to unwind and avoid stimulation an hour before bedtime. During this hour, put away electronic devices, and consider relaxing activities like breathing exercises, gentle stretching, a warm bath, and reading.
Short, strategic daytime naps
Schedule naps throughout the day, during the times of day where you tend to experience the most drowsiness and have the most difficult time staying awake. Limit naps to 15 to 20 minutes. This can improve alertness for several hours following the nap.
Regular exercise
Most guidelines for managing narcolepsy recommend getting regular exercise, and some studies have found that regular exercise can help improve symptoms in some individuals. Timing of exercise is important, and it’s recommended that a person with narcolepsy exercise during the daytime (4 to 5 hours before bedtime or more) to avoid exercise interfering with sleep. It’s also important to discuss exercise—including precautions and safety—with a healthcare provider before beginning any exercise program.
Meals and nutrition
There is no specific diet recommended for narcolepsy, and people with narcolepsy are advised to follow general nutritional guidelines. This means building a diet around whole foods, including plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while avoiding processed food, sugary foods and beverages, and foods high in unhealthy fats (such as fried foods).
Low-carbohydrate diets like the ketogenic diet are being studied as a potential therapy, but research is currently limited—and a person should not begin this type of diet without consulting a medical professional.
Timing of meals can be important, and people with narcolepsy are advised to avoid large and heavy meals, which can promote drowsiness.
Strategic caffeine intake
It’s generally recommended not to consume caffeine in the later parts of the day, where it has the greatest potential to interfere with sleep.
Some people with narcolepsy find that coffee and other caffeinated beverages help promote wakefulness when consumed at certain times during the day. Like other parts of a treatment plan, consistency is important. For example, consume coffee at the same time each day, in the same amount.
Caffeine, along with alcohol, nicotine and other drugs (discussed below) can interact with certain narcolepsy medications, and caffeine may need to be further limited or avoided entirely when taking these medications. This is another topic that should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Alcohol, nicotine, other drugs
Similarly, people with narcolepsy are advised to avoid alcohol, nicotine/tobacco, and recreational drugs, which can all interfere with sleep. These substances can also cause interactions with medications that may be prescribed to treat narcolepsy. Again, this is a topic to discuss with a healthcare provider.
On the topic of drugs and interactions, medications that treat narcolepsy can interact with other medications. It’s important that your healthcare providers have an up-to-date list of all medications you are taking, including prescription medications (for narcolepsy as well as other conditions), over-the-counter medications, and supplements (including herbal supplements). A pharmacist can also be an excellent source of information about drug interactions and other topics related to medications.
