Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. It is a chronic inflammatory condition that is characterized by prolonged morning stiffness as well as painful and swollen joints. The hands, feet, knees, elbows and shoulders are commonly affected. Other less common areas of involvement are the hips, ankles and cervical spine. Diagnosis is based on a history, physical exam, lab and radiographic evaluation. History often includes complaints of prolonged morning stiffness and joint pain lasting typically at least 6 weeks. Physical exam will demonstrate swollen joints. Lab is characterized by elevated measures of inflammation such as the sed rate and c reactive protein. Imaging may confirm joint space narrowing or erosions in the bone. Diet may play a role in controlling disease symptoms but studies are lacking. Rarely, internal organ involvement may occur. When this does happen, common areas of involvement are the lung manifested by scarring and inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands causing dryness of the eyes and mouth.
Rheumatoid arthritis usually begins between age 30 and age 60, but can begin anytime. It tends to affect hands and feet first, but can affect any joints. Joint symptoms include pain, stiffness, heat, redness, tenderness and erosion of bones in affected joints for bone symptoms. Pain symmetry usually occurs in joints on both sides of the body (e.g., both wrists or both ankles). Blood test results include detection of inflammation and anemia.
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RA is believed to be caused by a faulty immune response, which causes the body to attack the synovial membrane in the joints. The disease can occur at any age.
There is no cure for RA. Good self-management, including exercise and dietary modification, are known to reduce pain and disability in many cases. There is some evidence that smoking increases the risk of developing RA.
According to CDC, natural history studies of the disease show that in 20% of cases people have a single episode of RA, which lasts about two years and does not recur. In 70% of cases, the disease will fluctuate, coming and going throughout a patient’s lifetime. Only 10% of cases are progressive and unrelenting.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that causes pain and swelling in the joints. Often the feet and hands are most affected. Other symptoms include fever and exhaustion. Joints become painful and stiff and may become permanently damaged over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder, and its cause is unknown.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the entire body, but especially the joints. The joints typically involved are those in the hands, feet, wrists, ankles, and knees.
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Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs.