At the same time, one in five pregnancies experience bleeding during the first trimester, and half of these go on to be healthy pregnancies. Early, light bleeding may come from the engorged blood vessels that lie very close to the surface of the cervix. This is more likely to occur after a procedure such as cervical cultures, a pap smear, or after sex. Sometimes the pregnancy implanting into the uterine lining causes bleeding. Sometimes it is a pregnancy that has stopped developing and a miscarraige is inevitable.
Bleeding after the first trimester is more likely to be a concern. If the placenta implants over or near the cervical opening, a placenta previa, there may be painless bleeding. If the placenta begins to separate from the uterine wall, placenta abruptio, there may be bleeding, but there is more likely to be unrelenting pain. Again, the bleeding can be from a harmless source such as the cervix.
Bleeding has many causes during pregnancy. The cervix of the pregnant woman has many added blood vessels. These may become inflamed and bleed due to inflammation of the cervix or infection. An abnormal pap smear with inflammation may cause bleeding. Bleeding may also be due to early miscarriage. An undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy may cause lower pelvic pain and bleeding. This is an obstetrical emergency. Later in pregnancy a placenta previa, where the placenta lies over the cervix, will cause bleeding, also a grave obstetrical complication which may deprive the fetus of oxygen.
A pregnant woman should always consult with her obstetrician if any bleeding occurs in any trimester.
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Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs.