How does Down syndrome affect the body?

Univ. of Nev. School of Medicine, Family Medicine

In Down syndrome, every cell in the body has an extra chromosome (or piece of a chromosome). The effect of this extra DNA varies, but commonly people who have Down syndrome have mental disability, atypical facial structure, and physical defects, especially heart defects. They are at higher risk for developing leukemia, a thyroid problem, dementia or having trouble with their hearing or vision.

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Down Syndrome

Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. The risk for Down syndrome is higher in babies of mothers older than 35, who are more likely to have abnormal eggs that may lead to the condition. Common symptoms include problems in growth, hearing, vision and immunity, along with problems of the thyroid, heart, muscles and nerves. The severity of these symptoms varies from person to person.

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How does Down syndrome affect the body?

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