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NETs: 3 strategies for coping with delayed diagnosis

Delays in diagnosis and misdiagnosis are a challenge for many people affected by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

A group of adults gather at a support group for people who are caregivers to loved ones with cancer. Support groups can have benefits to both people living with NETs and caregivers.

Updated on March 18, 2025

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a type of cancer that begin in neuroendocrine cells. These cells enable communication between the body’s nervous system and endocrine (hormone-producing) system. A simple explanation is that neuroendocrine cells receive signals from the nervous system and produce hormones in response to those signals.

There are different types of neuroendocrine cells, which are found in many locations throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, skin, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, urinary system, and reproductive system. NETs can form in any locations where there are neuroendocrine cells.

The GI tract is the most common location for NETs to begin, followed by the pancreas and lungs.

NETs are often misdiagnosed

NETs are often described as a rare condition, but data on the number of people diagnosed with NETs is incomplete. The incidence of NETs has increased in recent decades. This increasing incidence is partly due to improvements in screening, diagnosis, and overall knowledge of NETs—in other words, healthcare providers have gotten better at identifying these cancers.

While knowledge of NETs is improving, symptoms overlap with many other more common conditions, and misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis are common. For many people with NETs, getting an accurate diagnosis takes several years, and involves multiple healthcare providers, diagnostic tests, and added healthcare costs.

Coping with misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis

If you or a loved one is living with a neuroendocrine tumor and has experienced a misdiagnosis or a delay in diagnosis, the following strategies may help:

Continue with treatment

When you’ve been to multiple healthcare providers and spent several years just to receive a diagnosis, it’s normal to feel mistrust, resentment, even anger. It may be difficult to believe that things will be different, or that the time and money you are spending now will be worth it.

These feelings are normal—and it’s important to acknowledge them. It’s also important that these feelings do not prevent you from receiving treatment for NETs. Like other cancers, NETs grow and spread.

There are effective treatments for NETs. Often, the most important step in treating a condition like NETs is finding a healthcare team that understands the condition. If you are currently looking for a healthcare provider that specializes in NETs, there are resources to help you. One example is the Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation, which has a searchable database of NET specialists.

Keep learning about NETs

People with any type of cancer are encouraged to be an active participant in treatment decisions. The term for this is shared decision making. Patient education—learning about the type of cancer you have, including how it is treated—is an essential part of this process.

Here are some strategies that may help:

  • Block off a small amount of time each week for learning about NETs. Keep a list of articles or other materials that you’ve read or want to read. Bookmark sites that provide information and resources to people with NETs and caregivers. Stay up to date on what treatments are available. Ask your healthcare providers for materials to take with you.
  • Write down any questions you have and anything you do not fully understand. Bring these up with your healthcare providers and ask for any explanations that you need—for example, why NETs cause a particular symptom, or how a treatment works.
  • Try to connect and network with other people who are living with NETs, they can be a good source of information as well as emotional support.

Prioritize your mental health

Updates on your overall mental health should be a part of your conversations with your healthcare providers. NETs can be distressing conditions to live with. Many NETs cause changes in hormone levels, which can affect moods, thoughts, behavior, and sleep.

Here are some strategies to consider:

  • Keep a journal, recording notes on how you feel each day, including mood, stress level, and anything that has been difficult. Also keep notes on things that are going well.
  • Join a support group, either online or in person, where you can talk to other people who are living with NETs, or other people who are living with cancer, who may understand some of the challenges you are experiencing.
  • Work with a healthcare provider who specializes in mental health, such as a therapist or counselor.
  • Make time for yourself, time to dedicate to the things that are important to you, such as family, friends, personal goals, hobbies, and activities you enjoy. You may also want to try meditation or other relaxation exercises.
Article sources open article sources

NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Neuroendocrine tumor.
National Cancer Institute. Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET).
ScienceDirect. Neuroendocrine System.
Canadian Cancer Society. The neuroendocrine system.
B. Mark Evers. Overview of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs). Merck Manual Professional Version. May 2024.
Roberta Elisa Rossi and Sara Massironi. The Increasing Incidence of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Worldwide: Current Knowledge and Open Issues. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022. Vol. 11, No. 13.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation. Delayed NET Diagnosis is a Worldwide Problem.
Sugandha Dureja, Mark McDonnell, et al. Global challenges in access to diagnostics and treatment for neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. May 30, 2023.
Callisia N. Clarke, David Ray, et al. Real-world analysis of neuroendocrine tumor misdiagnosis and associated costs. Surgical Oncology Insight, 2024. Vol. 1, No. 4.
Jessica Wright. The emotional impact of a cancer misdiagnosis. Gadsby Wicks. September 10, 2021.
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MD Anderson Cancer Center. Neuroendocrine Tumor Treatment.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation. Top neuroendocrine cancer treatment centers, doctors, and support groups.
American Cancer Society. Understanding Your Options and Making Treatment Decisions.
Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology. Understanding Your Diagnosis: Steps to Take Today.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation. The Emotions of Living with Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Lili Song, Yanshou Cao, et al. Psychological distress and resilience in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022. Vol. 13.
Anna La Salvia, Alberto Portigliatti Pomeri, et al. Serotoninergic brain dysfunction in neuroendocrine tumor patients: A scoping review. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2021. Vol. 109.
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