Which diseases cause a change in the tongue?

Oral cancer can cause white or red patches on your tongue and mouth and trigger a sore that won't heal. If you have HIV infection, you may get a condition called "hairy" leukoplakia, a precancerous lesion. Fuzzy white patches will form on and around your tongue. Jaundice, liver, or gallbladder diseases may cause yellowing of your tongue. People with Down Syndrome may also get scrotal tongue, a condition in which the tongue develops grooves down the middle. Oral thrush is a common condition that causes white, pink or red patches on your tongue that can spread throughout your mouth. It's important to talk to your dentist, doctor or an ear, nose, and throat specialist about any changes on your tongue.