How is pleural effusion treated?

Treatment for pleural effusion involves removing the excess fluid in the pleural cavity, keeping the fluid from returning, and discovering and treating the underlying cause. One method for removing fluid is thoracentesis, in which a needle is inserted in the pleural cavity and fluid is extracted. If there is a great deal of fluid, a chest tube may be required to remove the fluid. If pneumonia is the underlying cause, antibiotics may be administered. If cancer is the underlying cause, antitumor drugs may be used to prevent the fluid from returning, as may sealing the pleural space so that fluid cannot get in. If congestive heart failure is the cause, diuretics may be used to prevent fluid buildup. Other medicines also may be used to treat heart failure.

Treatment for pleural effusion depends on the cause for the condition and can include chemotherapy or surgery. Management of a pleural effusion by drainage and/or chest tube placement is very important.