The placenta is the metabolic and respiratory support center for the fetus. The placenta is attached to the uterine lining and the umbilical cord connects the placenta to the fetus. The placenta separates the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. Nutrients and oxygen from the maternal blood are transported or diffused across the placenta and into the fetal circulation, while fetal waste produces are transferred from fetal circulation across the placenta and into the maternal system for excretion. The placenta also produces pregnancy related hormones such human placenta lactogen, estrogen and progesterone.
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