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Hydrocephalus occurs when cerebrospinal fluid, the clear liquid that surrounds the spinal cord and brain, builds up in the brain. The condition occurs in spina bifida when the brainstem and cerebellum are pushed down into the spinal canal. Hydrocephalus puts pressure on the brain and can cause permanent damage. Hydrocephalus is treated by the placement of a draining tube from the brain into the body which reduces the pressure on the brain.
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