Although bad breath is not usually serious, it can be an indicator of a medical disorder, such as a local infection in the respiratory tract, chronic sinusitis, postnasal drip, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, gastrointestinal disturbance, liver or kidney ailment. If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy, you may be referred to your family doctor or a specialist to determine the cause of bad breath.
Bad breath can also be caused by dry mouth (xerostomia), which occurs when the flow of saliva decreases.
If you think you have constant bad breath, keep a log of the foods you eat and make a list of medications you take. Some medications may play a role in creating mouth odors. Let your dentist know if you've had any surgery or illness since your last appointment.
Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove food debris and plaque. Brush your tongue, too. Once a day, use floss to clean between teeth.
If no obvious dental causes can be found for bad breath such as poor oral hygiene or periodontal disease, then a consultation with your doctor would be appropriate. Certain medical conditions can contribute to bad breath such as diabetes, kidney disease, or liver disease.
The nose is the second most common cause of bad breath. Sinus infections or polyps can cause bad breath, as well as children who insert foreign bodies into the nose. The tonsil may be a cause of bad breath in some people; especially if small tonsillar stones called tonsilloliths are formed and collect on the tongue.
Some other non-dental causes of bad breath include respiratory infections, kidney failure, some cancers, and other disorders. One rare disorder that causes a fishy mouth odor and taste is trimethylaminuria. The stomach and intestines are commonly thought to be a cause of bad breath, but this is not the case. The esophagus is normally closed, preventing odors from the stomach and intestines from reaching the mouth.
Kidney disease, liver failure, and diabetes can cause your breath to have a strange odor. Dry mouth caused by some prescription drugs or smoking, dieting, sinus infections, and lung infections can also cause bad breath.
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Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs.