What is spina bifida?

• True spina bifida -- an abnormality of the boney spinal column, consisting of absence of vertebral arches through which spinal membranes with or without spinal cord tissue may (or may not) protrude
• Meningocele -- the above, plus a protrusion of the membranous meninges -- the covering of the spinal canal -- through the above defect
• Myomeningocele -- the above, plus a protrusion of elements of the spinal nerves through the above defect

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the bones of the spine (vertebrae) do not form properly around the spinal cord. It can occur anywhere along the spine.

The defect may be mild, in which case it is hidden under the skin and rarely causes problems. In severe spina bifida, part of the spinal cord or spinal nerves may be exposed on the outside of the skin. It can lead to health problems, physical handicaps, and learning problems.

Spina bifida develops in a fetus early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. A woman is at increased risk for having a baby with spina bifida if her diet lacks folic acid. (Folic acid is a B vitamin found in leafy green vegetables, liver, certain types of beans, and other foods.) Women of childbearing age can reduce their chances of having a baby with spina bifida by eating a healthy diet and taking folic acid supplements.

Blood tests, fetal ultrasound, and amniocentesis can sometimes detect spina bifida during pregnancy.

When spina bifida is mild and does not cause symptoms, it usually does not need treatment. In severe cases of spina bifida, surgery may be needed soon after birth.

Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the tissue surrounding the spinal cord does not close properly. It is one of several disorders known as neural tube defects. Neural tube defects occur in about one out of every 1,000 births and spina bifida affects seven out of every 10,000 births. Spina bifida is the most common neural tube defect.

Spina bifida (Latin for "cleft spine") happens during the first month of pregnancy when the child has an incomplete and improper closure of the spine. Some infants are born with an opening in the back, exposing the spinal nerves. This may cause serious damage to the nerves and the spinal cord. Other complications are hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid in the brain), urinary and bladder problems, and learning disabilities.

There are three types of spina bifida. The mildest form, spina bifida occulta, is usually caused by a malformed vertebra (spinal bones) that is covered with skin. Most children with spina bifida occulta will have no symptoms and live completely normal lives. Meningocele and myelomeningocele are the other types, collectively known as spina bifida manifesta. Meningocele is when the spinal cord develops normally, but the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (called the meninges) stick out from the opening in the spine. Myelomeningocele is the most severe type of spina bifida in which the meninges and the spinal cord do not develop properly and can stick out of the open lesion.

With surgical treatment, most children will survive into adulthood. About 80% will have normal intelligence and almost 75% will be able to participate in sports and recreational activities. However, some will have complete paralysis of the legs. These children will depend on a wheelchair to move around but may still be able to live long and healthy lives.

You should read product labels, and discuss all therapies with a qualified healthcare provider. Natural Standard information does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.