What is ringworm of the scalp?

Despite its name, ringworm is a fungal infection, not a parasite. Two main types of ringworm infection are dependent upon the size of the fungal spores. Microsporosis leads to small-spore ringworm, while trichophytosis (the more common of the two) leads to large-spore ringworm infection.

Ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) is a fungal infection that grows in the outer layer of the scalp and in the hair. The infection is not caused by worms but is called "ringworm" because it produces a rash with small, blisterlike bumps on the edges that look like worms.

The infection also causes red, sore, irritated areas that may have pus (abscesses); broken, crusted, matted hair; dead skin flakes (dandruff); and hair loss resulting in round or oval bald patches.

Ringworm is contagious. It can be spread easily by contact with people, objects, or animals infected with or carrying the fungus. Some carriers can have and spread ringworm without actually having symptoms of infection.

Standard treatment for ringworm of the scalp includes prescription antifungal medicine and, usually, special shampoos.