What is an abdominal stoma?

An abdominal stoma, commonly referred to as a colostomy or ileostomy, is an artificial opening in the abdomen created during surgery that allows elimination of stool after a colon and rectal surgery. It is necessary if passage to the anus is interrupted after the operation. The colostomy may be temporary, to give the colon a chance to heal, or permanent (in 10 to 15 percent of cases) if the lower part of the rectum has been removed. In most cases, if a stoma will be permanent, your surgeon will be able to tell you this prior to the procedure. However, if your anastomosis (rejoining of the bowel) is low, or there are other factors encountered during the operation that cause your surgeon to be concerned about your safety, a temporary stoma may be required.

This "protecting" or "diverting" stoma may be in the form of a colostomy or ileostomy brought to the skin's surface before the anastomosis, thus allowing time for healing without being bathed by stool and bacteria. The stoma may be closed or reconnected at a later date, after healing of your anastomosis has taken place. This healing is confirmed by a radiologic study, such as a gastrograffin enema, and/or by direct visualization, which will view the lining and may offer an opportunity to dilate a narrowed ("strictured") area.

Caring for a stoma is enhanced by specially trained nurses called "enterostomal" therapists. They help teach you about stoma care, skin care, and appliance management. They can also introduce you to other patients with stomas ("stomates") so that you can learn from their experiences.