What are the different types of licensed mental health professionals?

These licensed mental health professionals come from a variety of academic disciplines but share knowledge of the causes of psychological distress and its treatment. Each field has its own strengths.

Psychiatrists (M.D.) are medical doctors who have attended medical school and specialized in psychiatric disorders. These doctors are state-licensed, and their services are covered by health insurance. They generally prescribe medications and may also provide psychotherapy.

Psychiatric clinical nurse specialists (R.N.) have earned a degree in nursing with a specialty in providing psychiatric services. They often provide psychotherapy, are usually covered by health insurance, and may prescribe medications.

Psychologists (Ph.D., Psy.D., Ed.D.) have earned a doctoral degree in psychology. They generally provide psychotherapy and may also do psychological testing. Many hold state licenses to treat patients and are covered by health insurance. Most psychologists do not prescribe medication. The field of positive psychology originated with and has been developed mainly by psychologists.

Clinical social workers (L.I.C.S.W.) have earned a master's degree in social work. Many hold state licenses to counsel patients and are covered by health insurance plans. They provide psychotherapy and are trained particularly to focus on a person's place in the family or wider community. They do not prescribe medication.