What causes compartment syndrome?

Compartment syndrome is a very serious medical condition in which there is an increased pressure in the muscles. This may lead to muscle and nerve damage and obstruct blood flow to the specific location. The causes of the compartment syndrome can occur from blunt trauma, severe burns, and compression injuries. The swelling from the trauma can lead to increased pressure from crush injury. It is most common in the lower leg and forearm. The symptoms include decreased sensation, severe pain, weakness, and discoloration of the skin. The signs include pain with pressure, pain when moving the affected area, and increased swelling of the tissue. Treatment will include surgical release of the affected area with fasciotomy and open wound dressing changes, possible later skin grafts or reconstructive flaps. Permanent injury to nerves and muscles may be referred to as Volkmann's ischemia.