What causes acute bronchitis?

Acute bronchitis, or chest cold, is a condition that occurs when the bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed. Causes of bronchitis include several types of viruses, most often:

• respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• adenovirus
• influenza
• parainfluenza

Bacteria (in rare cases) and pollutants (airborne chemicals or irritants) can also cause bronchitis.

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Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus. It is more common during the winter months and often develops after an upper respiratory illness such as influenza (flu) or a cold caused by a virus such as coronavirus, adenovirus or a rhinovirus. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may be a cause, especially in adults older than 65. About 10% of the time, acute bronchitis is caused by bacteria.

Acute bronchitis can also be caused by exposure to smoke, chemicals or air pollution, all of which can irritate the bronchial tubes. It can also develop from accidentally inhaling (aspirating) food or vomit.

How acute bronchitis is spread - Acute bronchitis is spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks and liquid droplets containing virus particles or bacteria are released into the air and onto objects. Then you may:

• Breathe air that contains the virus particles or bacteria.
• Touch an object that has been touched by an infected person and then touch your eyes, nose or mouth without washing your hands.