What is amniotic fluid embolism and how is it treated?

An amniotic fluid embolism is an obstetric emergency whose cause is not fully understood. In theory, it involves entry of amniotic fluid into the mother's circulation. A cascade of events develops and results in severe changes in blood pressure and respiration. Clotting abnormalities (disseminated intravascular coagulation) ensue from chemical reactions; these result in postpartum hemorrhage. While this condition is fatal in over half of cases, aggressive respiratory and circulatory support, along with transfusion of blood products may be life-saving.