How is vision different for men and women?

You can trace differences in vision for men and women back to caveman days. Naturally, women have better peripheral vision because they gathered food for their families. Men are born with stronger straight-on vision for hunting purposes.

Men are also 17 times more likely to be color-blind than women. Color blindness is probably on the X chromosomes. Women have two copies, so they both have to be bad for a woman to be color-blind.

Why does this vision abnormality exist? People who are color-blind can see through camouflage more effectively. Your ancestors were probably more effective in hunting because, in a complex background, they could focus on the prey. So there was a value of being color-blind, but not anymore.