What are the risk factors for postpartum depression?

Postpartum depression can happen to anybody. New moms are told that they are supposed to “fall in love” with their newborns the moment they are placed in their arms. But for up to 15% of new mothers, a combination of biochemical changes and other stresses can result in real problems. Women with previous histories of depression, poor social support, or other life stresses have an even higher rate of difficulties.

Postpartum depression can develop after the birth of any child, not just the first. Some factors that increase the risk of developing postpartum depression are:

• A history of depression, either during pregnancy or at other times
• Postpartum depression after a previous pregnancy
• Having problems in the relationship with a spouse or significant other
• A weak support system or isolation from family and friends
• The pregnancy was unplanned or unwanted
• High life stress, such as a sick or colicky newborn, financial troubles, or family problems.
• Physical limitations or problem symptoms after childbirth.
• A family history of depression or bipolar disorder.
• Previous history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

 If a woman had postpartum depression in a previous pregnancy she is at high risk of having it again and counseling might be initiated during the pregnancy as a preventative measure.

A risk factor is anything that increases your chances of having a certain problem. Risk factors for postpartum depression include:

• A history of postpartum depression. This puts you at high risk of having it again.
• Poor support from family, partner and friends.
• High life stress, such as a sick or colicky newborn, financial troubles or family problems.
• Physical limitations or problems after childbirth.
• Depression during a current pregnancy.
• Previous depression.
• Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depression. It also increases the risk of dangerous psychotic behavior after childbirth.
• A family history of depression or bipolar disorder.
• Previous premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is the severe type of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Risk factors for postpartum psychosis include:

• A personal or family history of bipolar disorder.
• Previous postpartum psychosis.