How can I help prevent type 2 diabetes in children?

There are many risks factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Some of them cannot be changed, such as sex or ethnic group, but there are some risk factors that can be modified. They include what the mother does during the pregnancy and what the child does in terms of food choices and exercise. Obesity is linked to type 2 diabetes, especially if most of the extra weight is around the abdomen. Review the family's food choices with the primary medical doctor or clinical dietitian, or visit www.diabetes.org (American Diabetes Association). Regular exercise is also good for keeping the weight down and the heart and lungs healthy. Any form of exercise is a good start, but the goal would be to aim for 3 to 4 times a week of at least 20 minutes where you feel slightly breathless and the heart rate increases. Try to find exercises that are fun such as jump rope, basketball, soccer, tag, etc. Type 2 diabetes in children is also linked to low birth weight and the mother having gestational diabetes. Some ways a mother can help her child are by getting good prenatal care, treating any infections, watching her own diet before and during pregnancy, and avoiding cigarettes and illicit drugs.

Healthy meals, physical activity and weight control can help prevent diabetes or can prevent or delay complications if your child has diabetes. A registered dietitian can help you build a healthy meal plan for your child. Your doctor, exercise specialist or certified diabetes educator also can help your child find ways to become more physically active.

Weight loss is appropriate if your child is overweight and he or she has reached adult height. In some severe cases, weight loss before your child reaches his or her full adult height may be needed.

Having a blood sugar level that is higher than normal but not yet at the level of diabetes (prediabetes) increases a child's risk for type 2 diabetes. If your child has prediabetes, eating a healthy diet and increasing physical exercise may make his or her blood sugar return to a normal range and possibly prevent type 2 diabetes. Your child will still need to see a doctor regularly to check for signs of the disease.