How can I prevent HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection?

Here's how you can avoid HIV:

• Abstinence from IV drug use or sharing needles and from vaginal, anal, and oral sex will prevent the transmission of HIV.

• Proper use of condoms decreases transmission of HIV.

• Use fresh condoms with each partner if sharing sex toys, or preferably, do not share sex toys.

• If you are in the healthcare profession, take extra care to avoid contaminated needle sticks (including but not limited to wearing gloves and not recapping needles).

• Limit sexual intimacy to a monogamous relationship in which both parties have tested negative for HIV at least six months after their last sexual contact (or after their other high-risk behavior, such as sharing needles).

Thank you for this excellent question. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spread through blood and body fluids and transmitted in specific ways listed in no particular order. Sharing of needles with an intravenous drug user, can cause HIV. Unprotected sex can also cause HIV. Transmission from an HIV positive mother to baby can cause HIV. Healthcare workers who do not wear gloves and are in contact with blood or body fluids can get HIV.

There is not cure to HIV, so prevention is key. Wear condoms, do not share needles, wear gloves (when necessary), and stay safe. A safe, educated consumer can remain healthy.

Preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is basically the same as preventing other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). You should avoid high-risk intercourse, meaning sex with multiple partners, sex with people who have had multiple partners, or any activity that involves exchange or sharing of bodily fluids. Using barrier methods such as condoms will also reduce your risk. You and your partner should have honest and open communication about sexual history and past STDs. Even though HIV is very unlikely to be transmitted by saliva, there are other activities that can spread HIV such as tattooing, sharing needles to inject things like drugs, or body piercing, especially if proper precautions are not taken to sterilize equipment.