What is the best way to prevent gynecologic cancers?

Recommendations for prevention of cervical cancer include regular cervical cancer screening (Pap tests) for all women (within three years of when a woman begins sexual activity or at age 21) or HPV vaccination for girls and women aged nine to 26. The HPV vaccination for women aged 27 or older is not supported. All women receiving the HPV vaccine should continue to receive regular cervical cancer screenings (Pap tests) according to established screening recommendations.

• Other prevention factors: Other factors recommended by healthcare professionals to prevent gynecological cancers include limiting the number of sexual partners, getting screened regularly with a Pap test, and following up any abnormal Pap test results as recommended by a healthcare provider.
• Dietary factors: Dietary factors that significantly reduce the risk of gynecological cancer include eating more antioxidant-containing fresh fruits and vegetables and decreasing the intake of red meats and foods high in animal fat (such as dairy products - milk, cheese, sour cream). A study found the strongest link between dietary risk factors and ovarian cancer was meat and cheese intake. The same study found significantly reduced risk of all ovarian cancer with higher tomato consumption. Other studies have found no link between preventing ovarian cancer and dietary factors.
• Exercise: An increase in physical activity has been reported to decrease the chances of developing cancer. High levels of sedentary behavior may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. A doctor can advise the patient as to what type of exercise would be best for that individual.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Having at least one child lowers the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Breastfeeding a child for a year or longer also may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
• Weight control: The incidence of obesity is increasing in the developed world such that it now contributes as much as smoking to overall cancer deaths. Women with a body mass index (BMI) >40 have a 60% higher risk of dying from all cancers than women of normal weight. They are also at increased risk for gynecological cancer.

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