Joint Health

Calcaneal apophysitis is usually treated by reducing activity, stretching and using a tapered heel lift. In some severe cases, a cast may be used to promote healing while keeping the foot and ankle immobile. Full Answer

A hammertoe is a deformity of the second, third or fourth toes that causes the toes to curl at the middle joint. Occasionally the second toe may cross over the big toe, called a “crossover toe.” Full Answer

The most common cause of hammertoe is a muscle/tendon imbalance that leads to a bending of the toe. Hammertoe results from shoes that don't fit properly, forcing the toes to remain bent for long periods of time. This can cause the muscles to shorten,... Full Answer

Bone spurs form in the feet in response to tight ligaments, poorly fitting shoes and activities such as running, which put stress on the feet. Running regularly on hard surfaces makes matters worse. When the muscles and ligaments of the foot are subject... Full Answer

In order to diagnose hammertoe, the doctor will conduct a physical examination of your toes and feet. In addition, he or she may take x-rays to determine the degree of the deformities and assess any changes that may have occurred. If hammertoe is treated... Full Answer

A heel spur is a bony growth that forms on normal bone. A bone spur can be diagnosed by an x-ray. Full Answer

Metatarsalgia occurs when one or more of the metatarsal heads become inflamed, usually due to excessive pressure over a long period of time. Metatarsalgia is often seen among athletes who take part in high-impact sports that involve running or jumping,... Full Answer

Arthritis of the midfoot is the breakdown of cartilage and arthritis in the medial tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints and can result in significant pain in the midfoot. The pain is usually localized to the top of the foot over the arch. Full Answer

Treatment of midfoot arthritis usually entails resting the foot, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, wearing supportive shoes and using a cane or crutches. Weight loss may be recommended to reduce the burden on the foot. If these steps are... Full Answer

Hindfoot arthritis involves pain and stiffness in the joints at the rear of the foot. Arthritis in any -- or all three -- of the joints below the ankle can cause significant discomfort, pain and disability. Function in this area is important as it... Full Answer